ownership and funding

Public service broadcasting
This is broadcasting not funded through advertising. When the BBC were set up the government looked at American broadcasting which was funded by advertising and called it public exploitation rather than public service. They decided to set up the licence fee system so that the BBC did not have to sell its audience to advertisers by creating populist entertainment rather than educational programming.

Commercial  broadcasting
This is funded by advertising. An example is ITV.

corporate and private ownership
A corporation is a limited company where the directors not liable for losses. The BBC is an example of this. Private ownership is where a company exists for the profit of its share holders. An example is Sony.

global companies
Increasingly media companies operate across the globe in many different counties to maximise their profits. A media conglomerate will be a whole lot of different companies under common ownership. For example, News corporation is a global company that owns 20th century fox, Sky TV Collins publishes the times the sun star Tv in Asia thee fox network in the US - the list is virtually endless. The world of the media is dominated by very few companies such news corporation and Sony.

vertical Integration
This is owning companies in all the different sectors of an industry for example in the film industry money is made by the film producers, the film distributors, and the exhibitors (cinemas) therefore it makes sense for a conglomerate to own companies in each sector. For example, Warner studios also owned Warner cinemas

horizontal integration
This is where a company try to gain control of a sector. For example, a newspaper own tries to buy a rival newspaper.


funding types
License fee
This is a middle ground between commercial funding and government propaganda accusations.

Subscription
An example of this is Sky which gets us to pay a regular payment even though they are selling us to advertisers.

one off payments
An example of this would be a physical DVD or a film on itunes.

pay per view
Sky offer special sporting events in which you pay to watch once.

sponsorship
a brand which sponsors a particular TV show. For example, Maoam sponsors The Big Bang Theory.

Advertising
When a channel relies on adverts. An example of this is the channel Really they use adverts such as pregnancy tests, food, car and their TV show adverts.


product placement
on a film you may see a product with a label on it, the company are advertising that product in their film linking it to their target audience. For example, James Bond use a lot of product placement. For example, Heinekin and Aston Martin.

Private Capital
This is when a producer for a film funds themselves through friends and family. An example, of this is Megan Ellison who funded her own film.

Crowd Funding
An example for this is Josh Trett who used crowd funding to fund The black Shuck.

Develop funds
BFI funds producers in creating a film through the lottery.